Explosive-engine nozzle.



J. SIMONS.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE NOZZLE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 11, 1912.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

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JOHN SIMONS, OE ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO SAMUEL L. MOORE & SONS CORIPORATION, F ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION NEW'JERSEY.

EXPLOSIVE-ENGINE NOZZLE.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

Application filed March 11, 1912. Serial No. 682,945.

My invention relates particularly to an improvement 1n ln ector nozzles for explos1ve engines, wh1ch are deslgned more particularly for utilizing liquid fuels of the higher specific gravities, such, for example, as kerosene or crude oil. Hitherto in explosive engines which have been designed to use liquid fuels of higher specific gravity, the ignition has been effected by injecting the charge of fuel into a small ball or dome attached to the cylinder of the engine and which is heated by heat conducted from the engine cylinder and by the heat of the explosions within the cylinder.

One of the purposes of "njecting the liquid fuel into the small ball or dome has been to permit the'engine to be readily started by previously heating the ball or dome by an extraneous source of heat, such as a gasolene torch. The constant injection of the l1qu1d fuel into the ball or dome results in causing the rapid accumulation of a thick deposit of carbon which covers up the interior of the ball or dome and thereby lessens the efli ciency of the ball or dome as a starting device for the engine, and materially retards the proper ignition of the successive charges of fuel in the cylinder, and also lessens the efliciency of the engine because of the imperfect combustion. of the fuel in ected. Furthermore, the injector nozzles which have been hitherto used have been so constructed as to inject a quantity of liquid fuel having the nature of a solid jet of because of the accumulation of the carbon liquid or an approximation thereof, so that, as a consequence, a considerable portion of the fluid does not have an opportunity tomix with the air in the cylinder before the ignition or exhaust of the ignited fuel, and

so that, as a consequence, some of the fuel becomes carbonized before it can be. ignited on the interior of the cylinder, thereby lowering the efficiencyof the engine, because of the imperfect combustion of thefuel and on the interior of the cylinder. o

,The object of my lnvention 1s to avold the difficulties and disadvantages ferred to.

A further object of my invention is to above reprovide an injector nozzle which is so constructed that any .air which may accumulate within the nozzle to retard the proper distribution'of the liquid fuel within the'nozzle may be allowed to escape at any time.

In general, my invention comprises a constructi on whereby the charges of fuel are not ln ected into the small dome or ball used being injected into the cylinder. thereby avoiding the dangers above referred to.

My invention comprises also an injector nozzle whereby any air which may accumulate within the nozzle may be allowed to escape at any time.

I have shown an'embodiment of my invention in-the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a vertical section of an explosive engine constructed in accordance with. my invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the injector nozzle; and Fig. 3 is an enlargement of a detail of the injector.

' In the drawings, 1 indicates an engine base having a crank pasing 2 attached thereto, said casing inclosing in the usual manner a crank 3 carried b the main shaft, said shaft having a fly w eel 4 located upon the outside of the engine. The crank 3 is connected by means of a connecting rod 4, with a piston 5 which reciprocates within a cylinder 6. The cylinder 6 has near its lower drawn into the engine through the air inlet 7 passes from the crankcase 2 by means of a by-pass 8 and a port 9 1nto the cylinder 6 when the piston 5 is at the lower end of its path. An exhaust pipe 10 is attached to the cylinder at a point slightly above the position of the port 9, exhaust pipe 10 communicatingwith a. valved outlet pipe 11 for the attached an air valve which comprises a water which is used for coolingthe engine and which passes into ajacket 12 located shaped cylinder head 15, closing the end of the cylinder, which chamber 14 connects g with the jacket 12. The cylinder head 15 carries at its upper end a small dome or ball 16 which is attached thereto by means of screws 17. The small-dome or ball 16 is covered with a hood 18 having an aperture 19 in its side to receive a torch for startin the engine. At one side of the cylinder hea there is located an injector nozzle 20, which projects into the cylinder head through anextension 21 thereon, and which is attached to the extension 21 by means of screws 22.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the nozzle has a cylindrical body 23- into the rear of which is'screw-threaded (a Valve casing 24 to the end of which is attached a supply pipe 25 for the oil to be fed into the cylinder.

lEhe valve casing 24 on its interior carries a ball checkyalve 26. The valve 26 is normally maintained in position by the action of a spring 28 which is held against the valve 26 by a pin 29 passing through the valve casing 24 at the front end'thereof.

To the center of the valve casing 24 there-is I valve casing 30 having a central passage 31 which connects with a small aperture 32 leading to the outer air, and a needle valve 33 located on a thumb crew 34 which is adapted to normally cl se the passageway 31. At the front of the bod} 23 of 5116.111;

.jector'there is screw threaded a'nozzle head 35. The nozzle head 35 has a longitudinal passageway passing through its center, this passageway comprising a rearchamber 36,

. a central restricted passageway 37 communicating with a conical valve seat38 and an atomizing chamber 39, leading to the end of the nozzle head. "A valve 41 has a conical flange 42 fitting against the valve seat 38 and "is provided with a plurality of longitudinal flattened portions 43 conveying theoil-from 1 the chamber 36 to the chamber 39. The conical flange 42 is normally maintained against the conical seat 38 through the action of a coiled spring 44 surrounding the valve 41, the end of the valve rod 41 being provided with one or more nuts toretain the spring44 under tension. Screw-threaded intothepa'ssageway 40 there is an outlet nozzle 45, which nozzle has a central passage 46 communicatmg' with the chamber 39, and an upwardly 1 directedoutlet aperture 47 so located as as project the charges of fuel against the por- :tion of the cylinder head 15 which is adjacent to the small dome or ball 16, but which is located above the upper end of the cooling chamber 14 carried by the cylinder head.

Inthe operation of my invention a torch ,tee

of any desired character, preferably a gasolen torch, is inserted through the opening 19 so as to cause the flame to impinge upon liquid fuel to be drawn in through the nozzle 20 and injected against that portion of the cylinder head 15 which is located between the small dome or ball 16 and the upper portion of the cooling chamber 14. The compression of the air and gaseswithin the cylinder 16 raises the temperature of the air within the cylinder to a. high point and a the heat thus produced, together with the heat from the small dome or ball 16, results in the ignition'of the mixed air and atomized fuel. The engine operates continuouslyand the heat of the explosions and compressions within the cylinder is sufficient to ignite the successive charges of fuel without the presence of the torch within the hood 18. In the operation of the engine upon the downward stroke of the piston, the products. of .combustion are exhausted through the exhaust pipe 10 and the. water which has been heated by passing through the jacket of the engine passes .out also into the exhaust pipe 10 through the valved pipe 11. Upon the next upward stroke of the piston 5 air is drawn into the crank case 2 through the air inlet pipe'7 and upon the next downward stroke of the piston, the air which'becomes trapped andv compressed Within the crankcase 2.

passes upward through the by-pass 8 into the cylinder 6 above the piston, and becomes" subsequently mixed with the injected oil as it is pumped in successive chargesby the action of the engine through the supply pipe 25 in the usual manner. During the. opera-. tion of the engine, the oil, which is preferably-kerosene or cr'udeoil, is forced into the nozzle 20 against the action of the check ofthe oil which is pumped into the injector,

the conical flange 42 is forced to a small exeing injected tent away from the conical valve seat 38,-

thereby projecting the body of oil in a diverging conical spray into the chamber 39,

whereby the oil-becomes'eflectively atomized and broken into infinitesimally small drops. The spray thus produced is conducted through the outlet aperture 47 in the outlet nozzle 45, from which it is projected against the upper portion of the cylinder head previously referred to. It Will be noted that as intimated above, the ignition takes place as a result of the injection of the atomized oil' against the portion of the cylinder head.

which is located between the small dome or ball 16 and the top of the cooling chamber 14. There is, consequently, no opportunity provided for the accumulation of a thick layer of carbon in the small dome or-ball 16,

and at the same time the injected liquid fuel is subjected to the highest temperature obtainable Within the cylinder by being injected against the surface in the cylinder head above referred to.

-INhile I have described -my invention above in detail, I Wish it to be understood that many changes may be made therein Without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim: 7

1. In a device of the character described,

an injector nozzle, comprising a body, a.

head removably attached to said'body and having an interior spraying valve, and a restricted outlet opening located in a part removably attached to the valve head.

2. The combination of a combustion en gine cylinder and an injector nozzle having means attached thereto for permitting the escape of air before it reaches the outlet of the nozzle.

3. The combination of a combustion engine cylinder and an injector nozzle having let opening, and means attached thereto for permitting the escape'of air before it reaches the outlet ofthe nozzle.

6. In a device of the character described,

7. In a device of the character described,

an injector nozzle having an interior spraying valve, and means attached thereto for permitting the escape of air before it reaches said valve.

8. In a device of the character described, an injector nozzle having a spraying valve, a restricted outlet opening, and means attached thereto for'permittingthe escape of air before it reaches said val-ve.

9. In a device of the character described, an injector nozzle having an interior spraying valve, a restricted outlet opening, and means attached thereto for permitting the escape of air before it reaches said valve.

10. In a device of the character described, an injector nozzle having a spraying valve, a spring normally pressing the valve against the seat, and means attached thereto for permitting the escape of air before it reaches said valve.

11. In a device of the character described, an injector nozzle having an interior spraying valve, a spring normally pressing the valve against the-seat, and means attached thereto for permitting the escape of air before it reaches said valve.

12. In a device of the character described, an injector nozzle having a spraying valve, a spring normally pressing the valve against the seat, a restricted outlet opening, and means attached thereto for permitting the escape of air before it reaches said valve.

13. In a device of the character described,

an injector nozzle having an interior spray-v mitting the escape of air" before it reaches.

said valve.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand.

i JOHN SIMONS.

' Witnesses! R. J. M. WELGH, EMIL NIELSON. 

